nbsp; 256 Weeton road Hong Kong 7 th June, 2000 Dear David, I am very sorry that I could not meet you last night. I hope that you did not wait too long outside the New York Theatre. I had to look after my small brother until my mother returned home. She spent a long time at the doctor’s and she arrived home very late. I am all the way to the bus stop, but I had already missed the bus. And so I decided to get on a train and I arrived at the New York Theatre at eight o’clock. I didn’t think that you would still be there because It was three quarters of an hour late. I do hope that you will forgive me. Anyway, how about next Friday? Love, Sue 这类信件一般包括三个部分:1)道歉(apology) 2) 叙述原因或问题(reason/problem) 3)后果及解决办法(consequence + offer of solution)。 范文是比较典型的致歉信。Sue首先在信的开头向David 为昨晚未能按时到剧院见他表示道歉。然后叙述昨天未能准时到剧院的原因,结果晚8点才赶到剧院,迟到了45分钟。Sue 以为David已经走了,没有见到他,最后一句“How about next Friday?”提出下周五再见面的解决办法。 三 启事 1遗失启事以Lost作为标题放在启事的上方正中。在Lost 的右下角处写出遗失启事的时间。 启事的正文包括遗失物品,遗失的时间、地点,若有人发现遗失物品送交的人、地点。启事 正文右下角写上失主的姓名,Loser 可写可不写。 2招领启事以Found作为标题放在启事上方正中。在found的右下角处写上招领启事的时间。 启事的正文包括招领的物品。拾到物品的时间及丢失者去认领失物的地点。启事正文的右下 角写上登这一启事的单位。 遗失启事 Lost September 1, 2000 I was careless and lost a green school bag in the dining-hall on the morning of 21 st of August. Inside were an English textbook, a workbook, a dictionary and a key to my bike. Will the finder please send it either to the monitor of Class 3, Senior Grade 3 or to myself? Many thanks to the finder. Our classroom is in Room 303, Building 2. Zhao Meng (Loser) 失物招领启事 Found June 8th, 2000 A wallet was found yesterday afternoon, inside of which there is some money and other things. The loser is expected to come to the Office of Senior Grade 2 to identify it. The Office of Senior Grade 2 四 通知 通知是一种常用应用文体,用来把有关事情告知特定的读者或听众。通知的正文就是通告的内容,这是主体部分,包括通告的对象、事由、时间、地点等。它分为书面通知和口头通知两种,这两种通知在格式上有较大差别。 书面通知的常见形式有一般通知、布告、海报等。它们一般张贴在布告栏或黑板上。通知的正文上方有Notice (或全部大写NOTICE)或Announcement (或全部大写ANNOUNCEMENT) 为题目。以海报形式出现时,通知常以海报内容为题,如Lecture, Football Match等。当然题目中还可以出现发通知的单位,如Student Union Notice, English Department Announcement,通知题目要求居中打印、书写,有时为了强调,甚至可以以粗体形式出现。书面通知一定要有发通知时间及落款。出通知的时间一般写在通知正文的下方左角,落款于右下角,当然时间及落款也可都写右下角。书面通知的正文一般用第三人称来写。时间、地点、参加者、内容、注意事项是通知的要点,应直截了当地一一予以说明。我们既可以用包容量较大的长句,也可以用简明的短语,前者正式,后者易懂易记。在正文中切忌添枝加叶的评论。一般情况下通知以段落形式出现,海报则按信息分行居中书写或打印。 口头通知一般不用写题目,也不必有出通知的时间。发布口头通知首先说明被通知的对象,在正文前面有呼语且顶左格写,如:Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls 等等。为了引正听者的注意,需另起行不顶格写一些引人注意的话,如:Be quiet, please! May I have your attention? Attention, please! 等。口头通知要口头发布,因而可以用较随意口语体,如:I’ll, I’ve等。口头通知在结束时要有结束语,这是因为口头通知需要用一些语言表明通知的起止,如用That’s all. 表示通知到此为止宣布完毕。另外结尾处还需要一些如Thank you. 一样的客套语。口头通知的一些常用的开头语和结束语。 开头语 Be quiet, please! Attention, please! Listen, please. A Please be quiet, everyone. Please stop talking over there! May I have your attention, please! Please be quiet, everyone, There is something I have to tell you. B Be quiet, please. There is something you need to know. Listen, please. There is going to be… 结束语 Any questions? Does everyone understand? That’s all. Thank you. 不论是口头通知还是书面通知都是宣布即将发生的事情及其具体内容,因而多用将来时态,其中往往有一些注意事项,一般用祈使句来强调。通知的语言要简洁明了,条理清晰,要求精确,特别是时间概念很重要,必须写得十分明确,不容丝毫含糊。 ①会议通知 [题 材] 你班决定在下周三(5月15日)下午3:30在你班教室召开会议,讨论如何学习英语。目前在 西北轻工业学院任教的史密斯教授将应邀在会上讲话。今天是5月11日。请你写一个通知,要求大家准时参加。 词数:70左右。 [范 文] A Meeting to Be Held Notice A meeting to discuss how to learn English is to be held in our classroom on next Wednesday May 15th, 1999, at 3:30 p.m.. The discussion is very interesting. At the end of the meeting, Professor Smith working at the Northwest Institute of Light Industry will give us some useful advice. All the students of our class are expected to be present on time. May 11, 1996 Class 1, Grade 3 ② 庐山郊游通知 [题 材] 假如你是高三(2)班班长,你班要在5月4日即下星期六去庐山郊游。请你拟一份通知,准备向同学们宣读。内容包括: 1、郊游日期:5月4日,下星期六; 2、主要内容:攀登比赛、摄影等; 3、早餐后8点坐校车出发,午餐自带,下午3点回校; 4、欢迎全体同学参加。凡参加者先登记并交给班长5元钱。 注意:通知词数约70—120。要求意思连贯。 [范 文] An Outing to Lushan An Announcement Class, please be quiet. I am glad to tell you that we have decided to have an outing to Lushan next Saturday, May 4th. The expense is about five yuan. Those who wish to go should put down the names on this piece of paper and give the money to me. We will go by school bus which is to start after breakfast at 8:00 a. m. and come back to school at 3:00 p.m.. Remember to bring your lunch with you. We’ll have a contest of climbing the hill and take photos there. All the students are welcome. That’s all. Thank you. Monitor Class 2 of Senior Grade 3 ③某中学将有一位美国教授布菜克博士来访,该教授将给师生们作一次报告,介绍美国的教育情况。学校要求同学们在星期三下午2:30准时到105大教室参加报告会,并带上笔记本,以便会后讨论。请你根据上面要点,用英语写一通知。(字数:80左右) 参考词语 美国教授American professor 有关教育的报告a report on education 作笔记to take notes 讨论to have a discussion Notice An American professor, Dr Black will visit our school this Wednesday afternoon. He will give us a report on the education in America. Everyone is supposed to be in Room 105, the big classroom exactly at 2:30 p.m. Wednesday. Please bring your notebooks with you and take notes while listening to the lecture, so that we can have a discussion about it after it is over.
④假如你是班长,通知你班同学本周星期六晚上7:30—在本班教室举行一次英语晚会,节目有唱歌、朗诵、讲故事、话剧等,要求本班同学都参加,欢迎外班同学光临,请同学们作好准备。(字数:80左右) 参考词语 朗诵recitation 节目programme (或program) 欢迎to be welcomed 表演 to perform Fellow students, attention, please.I have some good news to tell you. We’re going to have an English evening, in our classroom at 7:30 on Saturday evening. The programme inclides songs, recitations, storytelling and short plays. Everyone in our clas must take part in it and students form other classed are also welcome. Everone who takes part in the party should perform once. That’s all. Thank you. 五 便条 便条多用于较熟的亲友、同事之间,以代替一般的私人书信及公务书信,因此便条除具有书信的一般特征外,还有某些特殊性: (1)临时性和紧迫性。便条多是临时性的通知、询问,内容大多有较紧迫的时间限制,比如通知当事人立即给某处回电话,通知医生即刻出诊等等。所以,便条大多是匆忙写在纸条上托人转交或留在某处。 (2)非正式性。便条所写的基本都是可以公开的普通事宜,而且内容大都非常简单,几句话就可以说清楚,不必采用非常的书信形式,也不用缄口。 由于便条的以上两个特征,便条在形式上具有以下特点: (1)简化书信格式。便条既不用信封,不写收信人与发信人地址,也不写结尾问候语。不详细写明年月日,而只写星期,或日月。由于时间大多发生在一两天内,常常要写明上、下午或钟点。日期可写于正文右上角或末尾署名之下,没有很严格的限制。 (2)简化称呼及签署。便条多用于相熟的朋友、同事或家人之间,称呼用语应亲切、随便,不可过于正式。如可用Mary, Dear Johnson等等。署名也可以只写姓或只写名。因为即使公务便条,也多用于同一部门,大家相互熟悉,笔迹也容易认读。 (3)语言通俗而口语化。便条形式随便,语言也应通俗。要尽量避免用大词和过分正式的句子。如尽量用:“Just a line to tell you that…”而不用“This is to inform you that…”,用“put off ”而不用“postpone”。句子的结构尽量简单。 例如: ① 你到一个叫李英的同学家,通知他一件事,碰巧他不在家,你给他留了张便条,内容如下: a. 明天的课将推迟到本星期六下午2点,因为明天你要参加劳动—植树,上午7点在校门口集合出发。 b.前天你把雨伞落在他家房子的前门外,请他明天上课时替你带来。 ××× 8.10 Aug.10 Li Ying, Tomorrow’s class will be put off to Saturday. Instead, we’ll take part in the labour—plant trees. We’ll gather at the school gate and start off at 7:00 a.m. I left my umbrella at the front door of your house the day before yesterday. Please bring it to me when you come to school tomorrow. Thank you very much. Yours, Wei Ping 六 介绍地点 介绍地点,有四项基本要求:一是抓住此处所的基本特征;二是要遵循一定的顺序,使文章条理清楚,中心突出;三是要运用恰当的方法进行说明;最后是语言要做到准确无误。 介绍地点,目的是让人明白无误地了解它,并且给人留下深刻印象。因此写作时首先抓住事物的特征,即一事物区别于其他事物的标志。我们可描绘的地点多得不胜枚举,诸如village(乡村),city(城市),school(学校),library(图书馆),factory (工厂)等,它们各有其特点。所以在介绍地点时,要抓住其基本特征,加以客观地说明、描述,使读者在短时间内获得足够的信息。 要把一个地点介绍清楚,必须言之有序,富有条理。所谓“言之有序”,即要符合人们认识事物、欣赏事物的习惯。有的适宜按空间顺序,一般为由上至下或由下至上,由远及近或由近及远,顺时针方向或逆时针方向等来介绍;有的宜按逻辑顺序,由概括到具体、由理想到本质、由主要到次要、由整体到部分等来说明;还有的可按时间顺序来介绍,但第三类较少动用。有的还可采用多种顺序来说明,但初学者以一种顺序为好。 运用恰当的方法可以把处所说明得更为具体、明确。常见的方法有列数字、做比较、打比方、举例子、引资料等。不过,这类文章最容易写得呆板单调,缺乏生气,让人读起来感到乏味。所以除上述几种方法外,适当地运用描写,可增加文章的文采,使所写内容打动读者,达到最佳的表达效果。例如下面一段文字:The village where I was born is a beautiful place. There area green hills and clear water around it. Trees grow everywhere; a river flows in front of it …. Duck swim in the pools; cows bellow (哞哞叫)in their sheds. Occasionally you can hear a dog bark or a cock crow (喔喔叫)….这段文字通过生动的描写,向我们展示了一幅乡村的自然美景图。同时,它又激发了我们心中对乡村生活的想象和向往。 最后,要注意语言的准确性,遣词造句不可过分渲染或模棱两可,要简洁、明白。尤其要注意方位词的准确运用。常用的方位词或词组有:to the right (在右边),to the left (在左边),north (北),south (南),east (东),west(西),front (前面的),back (后面的),above(在……中间),in (在……里)等,要注意这些方位词及它们的一些常用搭配的运用。 南极洲 [题材] 上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页
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